Evaluating Evaluations of Innovation Policy: Exploring Reliability, Methods, and Conflicts of Interest

Abstract Expansions of innovation policies have been paralleled with an increase in the evaluations such policies. Yet, there are few systematic how conducted, by whom, and their overall conclusions. We analyze 110 policy Sweden from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that majority these positive, about one-third neutral conclusions, very negative. The were conducted consulting firms, close expert government agencies, around 10% university researchers or as self-evaluations governmental agencies responsible for themselves. Few employed causal methods assess potential effects discuss conflicts interest question reliability policy.